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Spanish Andalusian
Horse Articles >
Bloodlines
Founders of the Breed
In 2004, a paper "Pedigree analysis in the Andalusian
horse; Population structure, genetic variability, and influence of the Carthusian strain"
was published which explained much of the origins of the Andalusian (Pure
Spanish) horse population.
In 2004, the “studbook” was comprised of over 75,000
horses. 6318 (12%) are Carthusian (old Bocado bloodlines). Average inbreeding of
the Andalusian population was estimated at 8.48% and average “relatedness” was
12.25%. The author concludes that inbreeding in the Andalusian breed has a
“remote origin” and is linked to Carthusian individuals.
Most individuals in the studbook (79%) have been registered
since 1980.
The breed basically started with about 2000 individual
animals of which almost 400 were Carthusian. “Base population was formed by 1465
individuals with unknown parents (280 Carthusian) and 967 additional animals
(181 Carthusian) from which only one parent was known. Thus, weighting the
unknown parent as half a founder, the equivalent number of founders for the
Andalusian horse breed was 1948.5 individuals (370.5 for the Carthusian strain).
“
The breeding farm contributing the most to the breed was
Dominquez Hermanos. However, the effective number of founders (those passed
down through the generations) was about 40. Most founders were born before
1910.
A "Founder" is a horse with a particular historical origin - all the most
important founders were Carthusian. AR is average relatedness coefficient.
The non-Carthusian ancestor contributing the most was
Maluso.
The top ten founding Andalusian sires and dams were Coronel, Peligrosa,
Ramillete I, Principe I, Sola, Odiosa, Mantequera, Inspirado II, Inspirada, and
Coronel II. The top ten ancestors of these founders include Americano,
Destinada, Celoso III, Oficiala 1913, Maluso, Presumido, Zurrona, Rurita 1919,
Receloso 1907, and Hechicero 1914.
The article notes that although the
Andalusian breed is one of the most ancient breeds in Europe, the present
population descends from only a few horses that survived the addition of Central
European "massive horses" in the 16th century. The recovery of the breed is
attributed to the horses bred by religious orders (the Carthusian monks) between
the 18th and 19th centuries. The monasteries tried to breed horses without
foreign influence.
All the most important founders were Carthusian and the
total contribution of the Carthusian founders to the populations totalled
87.64%. In other words, over 87% of today’s PRE horses can trace back to these
Carthusian founders.
Maluso, a non-Carthusian, can be
found in 5.37% of the population.
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